Ever thought of Learning a Programming Language but instead got stuck with two major Questions: - Which Programming Language to Learn?? - Where and How to Learn in the best possible way?? Well, I must say there are dozens of Programming Languages to choose from and it makes a tough question even tougher, But to answer a tough question you must start learning C Language. The reason being it's considered the mother of all Programming Languages, due to all of the concepts of modern programming languages were taken from this Language only, also being a Programming language that is close to machine-level coding it gives the best and maximum performance to the developer with control over hardware. Let us discuss some Programs which can help you to learn C Language easily by coding some real-world Programs. ## Learn C Language by Coding Let's take a look at some Programs which you can develop and focus on Learning the C language. ### Hello World Program Let's be honest, Every developer has made a `Hello World` Program when they're learning a new Programming Language. With a `Hello World` Program, you can learn how to display Messages to the console for the End User. With a Hello World Program, you can also check whether the Installation of C language is correctly done or not. #### Code ```C #include int main(){ printf("Hello World"); return 0; } ``` ##### Output ``` Hello World ``` ### Take User Inputs Taking User Input is the most important step in any Software, and learning to take input from the user in your very own Software Developed with C language will allow you to make your program Dynamic. Things you'll learn from this program: - Variables - Handling User Inputs and data types - DataType Conversions #### Code ```C #include int main() { int numberOne, numberTwo; printf("Enter the Numbers : Number 1 and Number 2"); scanf("%d%i", &numberOne, &numberTwo); printf("\n\nYou entered %d and %i\n\n", numberOne, numberTwo); return 0; } ``` ##### Output ![Taking Inputs from Users in C Language](/public/static/codedamn-assets/taking-inputs-c.png) ### Take Complete string as an Input One of the main problems with `scanf` is that it only can take inputs until there's a Space between the String entered. That's where the `gets()` function get into play. #### Code ```C #include int main() { char name[50]; printf("Enter your complete name:\n\n"); gets(str); printf("\n\nWelcome to Codedamn %s\n\n", name); return 0; } ``` ##### Output ![Taking String as Input](/public/static/codedamn-assets/gets-function-c.png) ### Conditional Statements If you ever thought about how can a Program knows what to do if you did something particular in software, That's something handled by Conditional Statements. Conditional Statements run based on the inputs given to the program. Conditional Statements Include two types of Statements:- - If-else Statements - Switch Statement #### If-Else Statements If else statements work based on the inputs provided, it checks whether the input matches a certain condition provided by the developer, If the condition matches with the condition provided then it'll execute a set of lines of code often named as a block of Code, else the different block of Code will execute which is under the Else Block. Let's take a Look at the code, it'll make everything clear ##### Code ```C #include int main() { int option; printf("Enter a Number : "); scanf("%d",&option); if(option < 100) printf("Entered Number is less than 100."); else if(option == 100) printf("Exactly 100"); else printf("Entered Number is more than 100."); return 0; } ``` ###### Output ![If Else statement](/public/static/codedamn-assets/if-else-c.png) #### Switch Statement Sometimes the program gets very long and slow due to multiple conditions and checking every condition can take up a long time. To tackle this kind of problem the Language Developers came up with Switch Statements to speed up the execution time and fewer lines of Code. ##### Code ```C #include int main() { char marks; printf("Enter your Grade:\n"); scanf("%c", &marks); switch(marks) { case 'A': printf("You have a Score of 90+ percentage"); break; case 'B': printf("You have a score of 80+ percentage"); break; case 'C': printf("You have a score of 70+ percentage"); break; case 'D': printf("You have a score of 60+ percentage"); break; case 'F': printf("Sorry but you've to work hard"); break; default: printf("\t\tDefault Case : Invalid grade\n\n\n"); } printf("Grade : %c\n",marks); return 0; } ``` ###### Output ``` Enter your Grade: A You have a Score of 90+ percentageGrade : A Enter your Grade: B You have a Score of 80+ percentageGrade : B Enter your Grade: C You have a Score of 70+ percentageGrade : C ``` ### Performing Arithmetic Operations using C Language In Software Development, performing Artimatic Operations is a very basic task and to perform those tasks and store the output in desired data type without the loss of Data is very crucial. #### Code ```C #include int main() { char Operator; double numberOne, numberTwo; printf("Select an Operator from the given options (+, -, *, /): "); scanf("%c", &Operator); printf("Enter the two numbers to perform the operations included with a space like this -> firstNumber secondNumber : "); scanf("%lf %lf", &numberOne, &numberTwo); switch (Operator) { case '+': printf("%.1lf + %.1lf = %.1lf", numberOne, numberTwo, numberOne + numberTwo); break; case '-': printf("%.1lf - %.1lf = %.1lf", numberOne, numberTwo, numberOne - numberTwo); break; case '*': printf("%.1lf * %.1lf = %.1lf", numberOne, numberTwo, numberOne * numberTwo); break; case '/': printf("%.1lf / %.1lf = %.1lf", numberOne, numberTwo, numberOne / numberTwo); break; default: printf("It was stated that to select from the given options of Operations, and yet you did not"); } return 0; } ``` ##### Output ``` Select an Operator from the given options (+, -, *, /): * Enter the two numbers to perform the operations included with a space like this -> firstNumber secondNumber : 1.5 4.5 1.5 * 4.5 = 6.8 ``` ### Loops in C Programming A Loop consists of three parts which are mentioned below - Initialization - Condition - Update Let's look at some of the loops in C Programming #### For Loop ```C // Format of For loop in C language for ( Initialization; Condition; Updating ){ Code; } ``` ##### Code ```C #include int main() { int i = 0; for(i = 0; i < 10; i++) { printf("i = %d\n", i); } printf("\nValue of i after the Loop ends : %d", i); return 0; } ``` ###### Output ![Image of Loop](/public/static/codedamn-assets/for-loop-c.png) #### While Loop While loop is the same as For loop but you can consider this as an upgraded version of For loop, Just compare this syntax with for loop. ```C Initialization; while( Condition ){ Code; Updation; } ``` ##### Code ```C #include int main() { int i = 0; printf("Print the Numbers from 0 to 9"); while(i<10) { printf("%d\n",i); i++; } return 0; } ``` ###### Output ![Image for While Loop](/public/static/codedamn-assets/while-loop-c.png) #### Do-while loops in C Language The main difference between `Do-while loops` and `While Loops` is that the while loop will run once even if the condition is not satisfied due to the condition being checked at the end of the execution of `Do while Loop`. ```C Initialization; do{ Code; Updation; }while( Condition ) ``` ##### Code ```C #include int main() { int i = 10; do { printf("i = %d\n",i); i = i-1; }while(i > 0); return 0; } ``` ###### The output of Do While Loop in C Programming ![Image of Do while Loop](/public/static/codedamn-assets/do-while-c.png) ### Programs to Practice #### Program to get the Factorial of a Number ```C #include void main() { int num; long int factorial = 1; printf("Enter a Number to find the factorial : "); scanf("%d" , &num); int i = num; while(i) { factorial = factorial * i; i--; } printf("Factorial of %d is %ld", n , fact); } ``` ##### Output ``` Enter the number: 3 Factorial of 3 is 6 ``` #### Fibonacci Series The Fibonacci series is a series of Numbers developed from adding the previous two numbers. It requires just two numbers it can be even 0 and 1 and it'll generate Fibonacci Series up to n number. ```C #include #include void fibonacci(int n) { int a, b, c, i = 3; a = 0; b = 1; if(n == 1) printf("%d",a); if(n >= 2) printf("%d\t%d",a,b); while(i <= n) { c = a+b; printf("\t%d", c); a = b; b = c; i++; } } void main() { int n = 0; clrscr(); printf("Enter number of items to produce: "); scanf("%d", &n); fibonacci(n); getch(); } ``` ##### The output of the Program above ``` Enter number of terms 6 0 1 1 2 3 5 ``` #### Palindrome or not A Palindrome number means a number written backward and still being the same. ```C #include #include void main() { int x, y, z, i = 0; clrscr(); printf("Enter a number:\t"); scanf("%d", &x); z = x; while(x > 0){ y = x%10; i = (i*10)+y; x = x/10; } if(i == z){ printf("It is Palindrome"); } else{ printf("It is not a Palindrome"); } getch(); } ``` ###### Output ``` Enter the number: 121 The number 121 is a palindrome ``` #### Program to reverse a String in C Language ```C #include int main() { char str[1000], rev[1000]; int i, j, count = 0; scanf("%s", str); printf("\nString Before Reverse: %s", str); //finding the length of the string while (str[count] != '\0') { count++; } j = count - 1; //reversing the string by swapping for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { rev[i] = str[j]; j--; } printf("\nString After Reverse: %s", rev); } ``` ##### Output ``` Hello String Before Reverse: Hello String After Reverse: olleH ``` #### Print the Sum of N Input Numbers ```C #include int main() { int n,sum=0,c,num; printf("Enter the numbers you want to add provided with a Space in between them: "); scanf("%d", &n); printf("Enter %d number of integers to add: ",n); for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { scanf("%d", &num); sum += num; } printf("Sum of the Numbers entered are = %d", sum); return 0; } ``` ##### Output ![Image](/public/static/codedamn-assets/sum-of-n-numbers-c.png) #### Program to find the largest of n Numbers ```C #include int main() { int num,i; float x,largest; printf("Enter the Number of Elements you want to search among: "); scanf("%d", &num); printf("Enter the numbers to search from\n"); printf("Element 1: "); scanf("%f", &largest); for(i = 2; i <= num; i++) { printf("\nEnter Element %d : ", i); scanf("%f", &x); if(largest < x) largest = x; } printf("\nThe largest of the %d numbers is %f ", num, largest); return 0; } ``` ##### Output ![Image](/public/static/codedamn-assets/largest-among-n-numbers-c.png) ### Arrays Arrays are a certain type of data structure that can help you to store multiple data within a single variable instead of creating variables for every other data that we acquire from the user. Arrays are fixed in nature which means when you specify the length of the Array then you cannot change it during the execution of the Program until it's been modified and compiled to run again. There are two types of Arrays - 1D Array also known as Linear Array - 2D Array also known as Matrix Let's look at some of the Programs to practice 1D Array #### C Program to Insert elements in an Array Inserting an Element in an Array is the first step in Developing Array Programs. ```C #include int main() { int array[100], position, c, n, value; printf("\n\nEnter number of elements in array:"); scanf("%d", &n); printf("\n\nEnter %d elements\n", n); for(c = 0; c < n; c++) scanf("%d", &array[c]); printf("\n\nEnter the location where you want to insert new element: "); scanf("%d", &position); printf("\n\nEnter the value to insert: "); scanf("%d", &value); for(c = n-1; c >= position-1; c--) array[c+1] = array[c]; array[position - 1] = value; printf("\n\nResultant array is: "); for(c = 0; c <= n; c++) printf("%d ", array[c]); return 0; } ``` ##### Output ![Image](/public/static/codedamn-assets/inserting-an-element-c.png) #### Program to Delete an Element from an Array ```C #include int main() { int array[100], position, c, n; printf("\n\nEnter number of elements in array:"); scanf("%d", &n); printf("\n\nEnter %d elements\n", n); for(c = 0; c < n; c++) scanf("%d", &array[c]); printf("\n\nEnter the location where you want to delete element from: "); scanf("%d", &position); if(position >= n+1) printf("\n\nDeletion not possible\n\n"); else{ for(c = position-1; c < n-1; c++) array[c] = array[c+1]; } printf("\n\nResultant array is: "); for(c = 0; c < n-1; c++) printf("%d ", array[c]); return 0; } ``` ##### Output ![Image](/public/static/codedamn-assets/delete-from-array-c.png) ### Pointers Pointers is a concept in which the program manipulates the memory of the System and produces the desired output as the developer wants. Not all of the Programming Language provides support for Pointers as it lead to memory leaks and system failure if not handled properly. #### Code to Practice Pointers ```C #include int main() { int pointerLocation = 85; int *p = pointerLocation; p = &pointerLocation; printf("Address of Pointer Location is: %x \n\n", &pointerLocation); printf("Address at which Pointer Variable is stored: %x", p); printf("\nThe Value which is stored at Pointer p is %d ", *p); return 0; } ``` ##### Output ![Image](/public/static/codedamn-assets/pointers-c.png) ## Tough Program After doing all these programs, now let's code two programs that are more difficult than all these programs listed above. The two programs are - Store the Inputs of the user in a file and then Print it to the console. - Write a Program to remove all duplicates from an Array of Strings. ## Conclusion In this complete article, we learned different types of programs that we can practice to learn C Programming Language a bit faster and in an efficient way. C Programming language can be a bit tough to learn but by practicing some Programs it can become easy. Hope this article was helpful to you, to learn C Language try `developing a Banking System with the use of a File System`, it'll surely boost the learning of Programming in C. All of the source code with a Playground is available on our in-browser IDE named Playground, which you can access by [clicking here](https://codedamn.com/playground/L6PYWr0hVLGsC_Hk_xmLI), where you can execute the code without the hassle of setting up the IDE and other things, just open up and code. Thanks for Reading Happy Hacking

All posts in learning

Simple C programs with outputs to learn C

All posts in learning

Simple C programs with outputs to learn C